| 1 |
Warming up the Climate
Change Debate: A Critical Review on the North-South Debate
and the Position of Forest- dependent Communities by Gideon
Bulengela |
Climate change has attracted the
attention of scientists, researchers, politicians,
organizations and other people who dwell on the planet earth.
Among other things, the controversy over what climate change
constitutes and how it should be mitigated is one of
important factors that have attracted the attention of
different actors. This has produced an enormous debate. I
consider this debate as valuable as it pushes people to
search for a better understanding of climate change. It is
the same posture, this paper was written. This paper briefly
contributes to the debate with a particular focus on the
North-South aspect of the debate in relation to the position
of local communities in the climate change discussions. The
paper applied a political ecology perspective in an attempt
to shed light on the forces behind introduced climate change
mitigation options. |
01 - 08 |
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| 2 |
An Assessment of Battery
Operated Auto Rickshaw’s Impact: A case study in Rangpur
city, Bangladesh by Md. Naimur Rahman, Arif Mahmud Akash,
Md.Abul Basar Rony, Rakibul Islam |
Battery operated auto-rickshaw
is a common three-wheeled fast-growing vehicle in Rangpur
city. This paper describes the social, economic,
environmental impact and shows the purposive comparison of
solar-based auto-rickshaw within the battery oriented
auto-rickshaw in the area of Rangpur city. In this work,
various questions were asked to the auto-rickshaw drivers,
passengers, and importers for acquiring the total scenario of
social and economic condition of auto-rickshaw. And for the
environmental impact different data were collected from the
power supply authorities of Rangpur city. The findings say
that the number of auto-rickshaw was 400 in 2012 which has
risen in the number to 6,500 in 2019 to a great extent which
is the cause for reducing unemployment problem in accordance
with increasing traffic jams. The findings of the study also
contain that the economic and social condition gets improved
by the owner of battery-operated auto-rickshaw whereas the
rented battery-operated auto-rickshaw driver is not getting
improvement as much as the owner of the auto-rickshaw but
both having enough income compared with their previous
profession’s income. And only 32.5% drivers consider that
there is less social value for the profession. Auto rickshaw
has no sound pollution, but it is creating trouble by
consuming electricity, which is produced by burning fossil
fuel and are the cause of continuous air pollution. And
according to the field survey total of 21,800 auto rickshaw
runs every day in the Rangpur city which is consuming 19.62
megawatts of electricity where the production of electricity
is limited as well as it is the cause of both shortage of
electricity and 9810 kg emission of carbon per day. But the
shortage of electricity and emission of CO2 could be reduced
or mitigated by using solar oriented auto rickshaw. |
09 - 21 |
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| 4 |
Formulization and
Assessment of Herbal fairness gel Comprising Hydro Alcoholic
Essence of Nelumbium Nucifera and Berberis Aristata by
Sushila P. Patil & Dr. Ruchi Achari |
The present study was carried
out to prepare and evaluate the herbal fairness gel
comprising hydro alcoholic extracts of Nelumbium Nucifera and
Berberis aristata. Different formulations of gel were
formulated namely BF1-BF6 by incorporating different
concentrations of gelling agent, neutralizer and hydro
alcoholic extracts .The pH, viscosity , spread ability and
stability of prepared base was investigated. The base BF4 was
found to be appropriate for gel characteristics. The extracts
of varying ratios of Nelumbium Nucifera and Berberis aristata
were incorporated in base BF4 for the preparation of herbal
fairness gel(BF7,BF8,BF9).All the three fairness gel
demonstrated good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity,
appereance,pH, ease of removal and no evidence of
precipitation or settling. All the prepared herbal fairness
gel was found to be safe for skin. |
31- 40 |
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| 5 |
A Phenomenological
Search on the Lived Experiences of Eldest Sibling in the
Life Hierarchy: Birth Order Antilogy by Tom R. Firth, Gary
Connery & Ewan Fiennes |
Background: Age gap plays a huge
role in the relationship between siblings since the cognitive
development of ten years old is indeed different from a
one-year-old. Method: This paper made use of the qualitative
research approach, individually the phenomenological research
design to explore and further understand the experiences of
the respondents which are older siblings in an extensive age
gap sibling relationship, relative to the central question
“In what way do siblings with large age gaps become
advantageous and disadvantageous?” Twenty-five
semi-structured interview questions were used to gather all
the data used in this paper and were later analyzed using an
inductive approach in the development of themes. Findings:
Findings have shown the experiences of older siblings in this
kind of family set up in terms of Sibling Relationship,
Sibling Roles, Sibling Pressure, and Sibling Adjustments.
Conclusion: An addition of new members to a family affects
the lives of older siblings, especially if the new addition
came after half a decade or more. Recommendation: To fill in
the literature gap, the researchers highly suggest
considering a more significant number of respondents as well
as birth orders and the gender of older siblings to get a
broader perspective on the research topic.. |
41- 54 |
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