| 1 |
A Study of Innovative
Transportation and its Effects on Economic Growth of a
Nation - A Case Study of Saudi Arabia by Dr. Puja Sunil
Pawar |
The development of transport
takes place in socio-economic context. Development does not
take place without proper infrastructure. The transport
sector is very important in the economy. It is used for
development due to intensive use of infrastructure.
Innovation in transport makes sure that transport is safer
and well-coordinated. Especially, in global economy
transportation gains importance due to increasing economic
opportunities and mobility of people. Therefore, transport
infrastructure and level of economic development are
apparently related. An efficient transport system reduces
costs in many sectors. The effects of transport are not
always predicted and can have unforeseen consequences such as
congestion. Transport system holds an important
responsibility both economically and socially. This study
aims to investigate and analyze the causality relations
between innovative road transport infrastructure and economic
growth in Saudi Arabia. The study is mainly based on
information from secondary data sources obtained from Saudi
Arabia Monetary Agency and World Bank over the period of 1989
to 2018 and information from third-party respondents involved
in the transport sector are included. Granger causality test
is used in this study to find out the relationship between
different variables with Akaike Lag Length Selection
Information Criteria and Vector Autoregression (VAR) model is
used to find the causality relation. The result shows single
directional causality from real GDP to transport
infrastructure. There is, however, no proof to support that
road transportation infrastructure is the major cause of
economic growth. The finding lies in the basic idea that
economic growth is the basis to provide the required support
for the development of transportation infrastructure. |
01 - 12 |
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| 2 |
Water Security in Ambon
City by Novita Oktaviani and Dr. Haryono Putro |
Water security is the ability of
the community to maintain sustainability water needs, both in
sufficient quantities and acceptable quality. Ambon City is
one of the biggest centers of activity in Maluku Province
because Ambon City is the capital of Maluku Province. Clean
water management in Ambon City shows that Ambon City still
needs an increase in clean water production capacity due to
springs in Sirimau District has experienced a crisis since
the beginning of 2016. The method used in this study based
Indonesian National Standard 6728.1: 2015 concerning the
preparation of the spatial balance of natural resources
section 1 – resources water. From the analysis results, it is
obtained that the projected water demand in Ambon City in
2039 is 4.092 m3/second consists of household water needs
1.441 m3/second, non-domestic water needs 0.432 m3/second,
industrial water needs 1.195 m3/second, livestock water needs
are 0.044 m3/second and agricultural-horticultural water
needs are 0.980 m3/second. The total debt of available water
resources infrastructure in Ambon City in 2018 is 0.282
m3/second consisting of Drinking Water Provider System. Based
on the results of the water balance analysis, the water
demand in Ambon City is still high has not been fulfilled
because water needs are greater than the availability of
water. However, Ambon City has the potential for mainstay
discharge of 250.424 m3/second which can be used to meet
water needs in the city of Ambon. Recommendation water
resource infrastructure to accommodate the mainstay discharge
is in the form of the building as many reservoirs 168 units
with a total storage capacity of 30.350 million m3/second
with an estimated construction cost of the reservoir IDR
1,308,692,000,000. |
13 - 22 |
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| 3 |
Approximation of Direct
Economic Value of Traffic Blockage in City by Ms. Nayantara
& Dr. Prasanna Basu |
Traffic congestion has been an
urban externality pervasive in every city of the world and
developing country like India and its cities are not devoid
of this. Though the problem is getting intensified in Indian
cities, a prudent policy solution still lacks comprehensive
analysis which needs quantification of traffic congestion
costs. The absence of information on costs associated with
traffic congestion has led to improper evaluation of policy
option and adopting ready-made supply side solutions. This
further has intensified the problem rather than reducing it.
In this line, the present paper made an effort to estimate
the direct economic cost of traffic congestion for one of the
major metropolitan city, Bengaluru. It is found that,
commuters in the city will have to bear an additional direct
economic cost of traffic congestion of Rs. 57, 271 every
year. Further, a commuter in Bengaluru has to bear Rs. 229
for every hour spent in traffic congestion. The study made an
interesting comparison with ideal travel and actual travel
cost and found that commuters are incurring an imputed cost
of Rs. 16, 618 every year due to traffic congestion in the
city. |
23 - 34 |
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| 4 |
Result of Clippers Bond
Strengths and Bond Failure in Metal and Ceramic Brackets
Bonded with Fluoride Disclosing Blend: A Brief Study by Dr.
Yogesh Sawant (MDS) & Dr. Teena Ratre (BDS) |
Introduction: One of the
standard measures in the prevention of enamel
demineralization is the use of Fluoride. Incorporation of
Fluoride into adhesives for bracket bonding inhibit caries
lesion development during fixed orthodontic treatment. Aim:
This study aims to determine the shear bond of self-cured and
LightLight cured Fluoride releasing adhesive used for bonding
metal and ceramic brackets and its mode of failure site.
Materials and methods: Self-cured Fluoride releasing
composite (Rely-a-Bond, Reliance Ortho Products), LightLight
cured Fluoride releasing composite (Light Bond, Reliance
Ortho Products), stereomicroscope to determine the bond
failure. Light cured composite used for bonding metal and
ceramic brackets( LC-C, LCM), self-cured composites used for
bonding metal, and ceramic brackets(SC-C, SC-M). Statistical
analysis: One way ANOVA applied for analysis followed Tukey's
Posthoc test used to find statistical significant between and
within the groups. A p-value (P<0.05) considered
statistically significant. Results: There is a significant
differences in mean Shear bond strength values between the
groups. LC-C showed the highest SBS (24.60.6) and least for
SC-M (14.66.6). Type of bond failure is causing damage to
bracket, or increased chances of enamel fracture are highest
for LC-C group. Discussion: ceramic brackets, though they are
aesthetically superior to metal brackets. The use of
fluoride-releasing composite in any form shows clinically
acceptable shear bond strength. Conclusion: There is a
statistically significant difference in mean SBS amongst the
four groups light-cured bonded with ceramic brackets (LC-C)
showed the highest SBS, followed by LC-M, SC-C, and the SC-M
groups. |
35- 41 |
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| 5 |
The Dog-Goddess: Divine
Nature, Past and Dogs in Atavistic the Bible by Kalavati Sen |
A sub specie of wolf that was
domesticated came to be known as „Dog‟. History suggests that
Dogs have been human companions since Adams. They have been
with humans and have been an integral part of their culture,
lives, leanings extending to them emotional support,
spiritual enrichment and adding to their very being. Based on
DNA evidence, the wolf ancestors of modern dogs diverged from
other wolves about 1,00,000 years ago, and dogs were
domesticated about 15,000 years ago. Keeping in mind this
date, it can be said with utmost certainty dogs were the
first to be domesticated by humans and human-dog bond has its
historical base. The relationship between human beings and
dogs has deep roots, with archaeological and genetic evidence
indicating a time of domestication in the late Upper
Paleolithic Age, between 17,000 and 14,000 years ago. Dogs
have been an important part of both Hinduism and Buddhism.
They have been glorified and appreciated in various ancient
texts. With time we have become cruel towards dogs for no
reason. A mass killing of dogs in Kerala has jolted many of
us. We as humans are said to have “Viveka” and yet an event
like “war against canines” in Kerala talks about our low
spiritual levels and our avidya. It is time that we realize
how dogs have been a part of our age old history, philosophy,
literature, art, yoga, dance and they still continue
contribute to us medically, emotionally, physically,
spiritually and by serving our nation. Is it not time that we
rise above variations of forms and see the Brahman that
exists within all, including dogs. It is time we go back to
our texts and understand them in the right light so that we
do not fail to give the respect dogs, animals and even humans
deserve. We need to question ourselves whether or not with
time we have touched higher planes of spirituality or have
merely become slaves to names, forms and materialism? Should
we respect and love dogs only because they serve us, only
because they are or they can be of use to us? Only because
our ancient texts talk highly of them, should we be bound to
give them respect? Is their very being not enough or not a
reason enough to love them, respect them and cherish them?
While dogs continue to submit unconditionally and love
humans, when will we humans offer our bhoota rinn to our four
legged friends? This paper aims at digging into the past and
bringing to fore references that glorify dogs in Hindu and
Buddhist traditions besides which it will also throw light on
how dogs have significantly added to literature, art and
architecture. |
42- 48 |
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| 6 |
The Socio & Economic
Unfairness Traceable to Smoking by Dr. Kailash Joshi |
Introduction. Smoking is one of
the most searched risk factor. One of the aspect more
analyzed respect to smoking is the double impact over the
economy like cause of income and spends. The active
consumption of tobacco and cigarettes like main cause for the
smoking existence carry to social and economical asymmetries
because of smoking like socioeconomic inequity cause.
Objective. To describe the main characteristic that
identifies to smoking like cause of socioeconomic inequity.
Materials and methods. Like teoricals methods were used the
comparative, analysis and synthesis and the inductive
deductive. Like empiric method was utilized the bibliographic
research about smoking. Results. Were described two main
forms of socioeconomic inequity because of smoking given by
the socials costs because of smoking: in the assignation of
resources for Public Health and in the social redistribution
of economical resources. Conclusions. The socioeconomic
inequity because of smoking given by the cost caused by
smoking it evidence in two mains forms: in the assignation of
resources to Public Health and in the social redistribution
of economical resources because of labor productivity lose
because of smoking. |
49- 51 |
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| 7 |
Observation of Unusual
Cancer Zone in WorldHippo Using Mellin Change and Neural
Matrix Classifier by Dr. R.Jiva Ram , Dr. S.Sonesh Rao |
This paper proposes a new
approach to detect and diagnose the breast cancer tumor in
mammogram images and to detect breast tumor at the initial
stage or its symptom stages by identifying micro
calcification lesions. It employing the combination of Non
Subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) for building the
classifiers. The micro calcification features are extracted
from the contourlet transforms coefficient of the image.
These results are used as an input of neural network and
these system classifies the mammogram image as normal or
abnormal and abnormal severity as benign or malignant. The
experiments demonstrate that our approach can provides better
performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive
predictive value, accuracy, classification, precision, and
recall. The evaluation of this system is carried on
Mammography Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database. |
52- 57 |
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| 8 |
Evolution on Powerful
Natural Spot Content Extraction Techniques by T. Q. Uotogbe
& U. O. Ebizeni |
Natural Scene image text
detection is known to be important task for several content –
based image analysis. The major stages in Natural Scene text
extraction techniques are: preprocessing (RGB to Gray
conversion, Binarization, filtering, edge Detection,
Morphological Operation), Extraction and text Recognition.
Text extraction most especially for a Natural Scene is a
Daunting task based on style of writing, orientation, font,
complex backgrounds and Noise. Quite a number of text
extraction methods have been developed. In this paper, we
reviewed various text extraction techniques as carried out by
different researchers and also their various comparative
analysis. |
58- 62 |
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